Hierarchy of Food and the Talmud

Recall that there are six rabinically approved blessings we can say before we eat, depending on what we are going to eat. The blessings are as follows:

  1. Borei p’ri ha’eitz – before we eat the fruit of the tree;
  2. Borei p’ri hagafen – before we drink wine or eat grapes (a very special case);
  3. Borei p’ri ha’adamah – before we eat vegtables;
  4. Hamotzi lehem min ha’aeretz – before we eat bread (again, a very special case);
  5. Borei minei mezonot – for grains; and
  6. Shehakol niyah bidvaro – for everything else.

Which blessing should I recite if I eat a salad of radishes and an olives? Radishes require Blessing number 3 above and olives require blessing number 1. What happens if I eat a salad of olives and apples? Both apples and olives require blessing number 1. Do I have to bless each separately or can I say the blessing once for all the foods covered by that blessing? The rules we derive from today’s Daf are as follows:

  • If we have a primary food and a subordinate food (think bread as primary and butter as subordinate), we can say the blessing over the primary food and we do not have to recite the blessing over the subordinate food;
  • If we have two foods that require different blessings, we have to bless each separately and the order does not matter;
  • We can say a blessing once to cover multiple foods with the same blessing requirement (e.g., I can say blessing number 1 once and cover both my apples and olives);
  • Bread and wine are different – If we say a blessing on bread, then we do not have to separately bless any other foods, and, if we say a blessing on wine, we do not have to bless any other beverages.

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